Nursing care in patients with AIDS

Courtesy BY E D U

A I D S

UNDERSTANDING

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus): The virus that causes one's immune system weaknesses.
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome): an infection that can cause severe damage to the immune system and can not be cured, so people are very open or vulnerable to infection or certain cancers.
Patients with HIV: is someone who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus, which infects mainly T lymphocyte cells and disrupt cell immunity.
Patients with HIV-AIDS is someone who has been infected with HIV and are at the last stage of infection with signs of the emergence of various bacterial infectious diseases, fungi, parasites and viruses that are opportunistic or malignancy.

CAUSE
AIDS is caused by human immunodeficiency virus. This type of retrovirus that is easy to die outside the body. The period between infected with HIV until the onset of symptoms (incubation period) is 6 months in children and 60 months in adults.

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Clinical stage I:

Without symptoms (asymptomatic)
Generalized lymphadenopathy which persistent

Clinical Stage II:

Weight loss <10% - Preview minor mucocutaneous - herpes zoster - Upper respiratory tract infections recurring Clinical Stage III: - weight loss> 10%
Prolonged fever that can not be explained (intermittent or constant), more than a month
Oral candidiasis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Severe bacterial infection

Clinical Stage IV:

HIV wasting syndrome
Pneumonia carini
Toxoplasmosis of brain
CMW in organs other than liver, spleen, or lymph nodes
Infection with Herpes simplex virus (HSV) mucocutaneous more than 1 month
Candidiasis esophagus, trachea, bronchus, or lung
Micobakteriosis
Septicemia
Extra pulmonary tuberculosis
Lymphoma
Kaposi's sarcoma
HIV encephalopathy

LABORATORY EXAMINATION
1. Tests to determine the presence of antibodies and HIV antigen:

Detection of HIV antigen by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay).
Immunoblot western blot (WB)

2. The tests showed a decrease in body immunity
Decrease the body's immunity:
Simple laboratory tests: Hb, Smear of peripheral blood, leucocytes, lymphocytes and platelets, the AIDS found existence of anemia ,leukopenia ,and thrombocytopenia limfopenia .

3. Testing for the presence of malignancy or opportunistic infection

Serology or culture against herpes simplex, CMV, Epstein Barr
Staining culture or histopathology of pneumonia carinii, cryptosporidium, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis, or aspergilus.
Histopathologic of Kaposi's sarcoma or lymphoma.

NURSING ASSESSMENT IN AIDS PATIENTS
A. Diagnose
History of free sex, homosexuality, history of drug abuse via intravenous blood transfusion recipient, a parent suffering from HIV - AIDS, chronic diarrhea, decreased appetite, weight loss, fever.
B. Psychological
knowledge and acceptance of disease, function and role in family, community, and employment.
acceptance of the patient's family.
C. Social
Support systems are available and affordable with the ability financially.
The Group of HIV-AIDS sufferers.
D. Clinical manifestations
clinical manifestations that spread throughout the body that can of whole organs, infections, malignancies.
E. Neurologic (malignancy)
HIV encephalopathy, Cryptococcus neofarmans, progressive multifocal lauciensefalopaty (PML).

NURSING DIAGNOSIS